Zakaat calculation

Assalaamualaikum Mufti Elias. My questions pertain to the calculation of Zakaat:

1. If you own a car that you still owe money on, do you deduct the installments for 12 months, or is there any deduction at all?

2. The same question with regards to a bond on a house?

3. If you recently moved jobs, and cashed your pension and provident fund out to solely decrease your bond, is Zakaat to be paid on the amount that was cashed?

4. Can you give Zakaat to someone who has assets (above the min. Zakaat limit), but owes money to people that he is having difficulty repaying?

Jazakallah